Background
When we factor analyzed the 1926 SAT alongside CORE, a distinct factor emerged that appears only on speeded tests. We have tentatively named it Speed, which we theorize as reasoning speed. In a broader model that also includes the GRE and the AGCT, it's content invariant, appearing across verbal, quantitative, and spatial tasks.
Our preliminary findings suggest that Speed is strongly related to general intelligence and is clearly distinguishable from the perceptual speed measured by CORE's Processing Speed Index. Its strongest indicators are timed reasoning tasks. What it reflects is still an open question: it may involve attentional control and the speed at which people process relations, or it may not reflect particular cognitive mechanisms at all.
SPEED was created to investigate this factor. It focuses on timed analytical reasoning, one of the areas where Speed is most prominent, and the data it collects will help clarify what Speed is and how it relates to other abilities.
Instructions
Each question or group of questions is based on a passage or set of conditions. For each question, select the best answer choice given.
Questions are shown one at a time and you cannot go back to a previous question. When a question belongs to a group, its passage or set of conditions is shown above it.
This test has two forms, handed out automatically so that each one collects a comparable number of attempts. If you would like to take the other form as well, simply come back afterwards and you will be offered whichever one you have not done.
Five people have their offices on five different floors of a six-floor building, the floors of which are numbered one through six, from bottom to top.
Each of the five people has exactly one office.
Johanna's office is on a floor lower than the fourth floor.
Larry's office is the same number of floors from Johanna's office that Johanna's is from Karl's office.
Nancy's office is on a floor somewhere between Michaela's floor and Johanna's floor.
Karl's floor is immediately above or immediately below Nancy's.
Five people have their offices on five different floors of a six-floor building, the floors of which are numbered one through six, from bottom to top.
Each of the five people has exactly one office.
Johanna's office is on a floor lower than the fourth floor.
Larry's office is the same number of floors from Johanna's office that Johanna's is from Karl's office.
Nancy's office is on a floor somewhere between Michaela's floor and Johanna's floor.
Karl's floor is immediately above or immediately below Nancy's.
Five people have their offices on five different floors of a six-floor building, the floors of which are numbered one through six, from bottom to top.
Each of the five people has exactly one office.
Johanna's office is on a floor lower than the fourth floor.
Larry's office is the same number of floors from Johanna's office that Johanna's is from Karl's office.
Nancy's office is on a floor somewhere between Michaela's floor and Johanna's floor.
Karl's floor is immediately above or immediately below Nancy's.
Five people have their offices on five different floors of a six-floor building, the floors of which are numbered one through six, from bottom to top.
Each of the five people has exactly one office.
Johanna's office is on a floor lower than the fourth floor.
Larry's office is the same number of floors from Johanna's office that Johanna's is from Karl's office.
Nancy's office is on a floor somewhere between Michaela's floor and Johanna's floor.
Karl's floor is immediately above or immediately below Nancy's.
It can be inferred from the statements above that
Which of the following is the most logically defensible explanation of the monkeys’ behavior?
Which of the following would provide the most logical concluding sentence for the paragraph above?
An automobile factory with three production lines is equipped to produce five automobile models—V, W, X, Y, and Z. Each year, however, the factory produces only three models, one on each production line, subject to the following restrictions:
Whenever Z is produced, Y must also be produced that year.
If X is produced one year, X cannot be produced the next year.
Only one model produced in a particular year can be produced again the next year.
An automobile factory with three production lines is equipped to produce five automobile models—V, W, X, Y, and Z. Each year, however, the factory produces only three models, one on each production line, subject to the following restrictions:
Whenever Z is produced, Y must also be produced that year.
If X is produced one year, X cannot be produced the next year.
Only one model produced in a particular year can be produced again the next year.
An automobile factory with three production lines is equipped to produce five automobile models—V, W, X, Y, and Z. Each year, however, the factory produces only three models, one on each production line, subject to the following restrictions:
Whenever Z is produced, Y must also be produced that year.
If X is produced one year, X cannot be produced the next year.
Only one model produced in a particular year can be produced again the next year.
An automobile factory with three production lines is equipped to produce five automobile models—V, W, X, Y, and Z. Each year, however, the factory produces only three models, one on each production line, subject to the following restrictions:
Whenever Z is produced, Y must also be produced that year.
If X is produced one year, X cannot be produced the next year.
Only one model produced in a particular year can be produced again the next year.
An automobile factory with three production lines is equipped to produce five automobile models—V, W, X, Y, and Z. Each year, however, the factory produces only three models, one on each production line, subject to the following restrictions:
Whenever Z is produced, Y must also be produced that year.
If X is produced one year, X cannot be produced the next year.
Only one model produced in a particular year can be produced again the next year.
I. V
II. Y
III. Z
Maria, Nora, Olga, Pauline, Rosa, and Sonya are to be ranked first (highest) through sixth (lowest), though not necessarily in the order given, at the start of a singles challenge tournament in which they will be the only participants.
Maria will be ranked either third or fourth.
Maria will be ranked above Sonya.
Pauline will be ranked above both Nora and Olga.
Rosa will be ranked two places above Olga.
Throughout the tournament, a player may challenge, and play, only either the player ranked immediately above her or the player ranked two places above her. If the challenger wins, she exchanges rank with her defeated opponent. A loss by the challenger leaves the rankings of both herself and her opponent unchanged.
Maria, Nora, Olga, Pauline, Rosa, and Sonya are to be ranked first (highest) through sixth (lowest), though not necessarily in the order given, at the start of a singles challenge tournament in which they will be the only participants.
Maria will be ranked either third or fourth.
Maria will be ranked above Sonya.
Pauline will be ranked above both Nora and Olga.
Rosa will be ranked two places above Olga.
Throughout the tournament, a player may challenge, and play, only either the player ranked immediately above her or the player ranked two places above her. If the challenger wins, she exchanges rank with her defeated opponent. A loss by the challenger leaves the rankings of both herself and her opponent unchanged.
Maria, Nora, Olga, Pauline, Rosa, and Sonya are to be ranked first (highest) through sixth (lowest), though not necessarily in the order given, at the start of a singles challenge tournament in which they will be the only participants.
Maria will be ranked either third or fourth.
Maria will be ranked above Sonya.
Pauline will be ranked above both Nora and Olga.
Rosa will be ranked two places above Olga.
Throughout the tournament, a player may challenge, and play, only either the player ranked immediately above her or the player ranked two places above her. If the challenger wins, she exchanges rank with her defeated opponent. A loss by the challenger leaves the rankings of both herself and her opponent unchanged.
Maria, Nora, Olga, Pauline, Rosa, and Sonya are to be ranked first (highest) through sixth (lowest), though not necessarily in the order given, at the start of a singles challenge tournament in which they will be the only participants.
Maria will be ranked either third or fourth.
Maria will be ranked above Sonya.
Pauline will be ranked above both Nora and Olga.
Rosa will be ranked two places above Olga.
Throughout the tournament, a player may challenge, and play, only either the player ranked immediately above her or the player ranked two places above her. If the challenger wins, she exchanges rank with her defeated opponent. A loss by the challenger leaves the rankings of both herself and her opponent unchanged.
Maria, Nora, Olga, Pauline, Rosa, and Sonya are to be ranked first (highest) through sixth (lowest), though not necessarily in the order given, at the start of a singles challenge tournament in which they will be the only participants.
Maria will be ranked either third or fourth.
Maria will be ranked above Sonya.
Pauline will be ranked above both Nora and Olga.
Rosa will be ranked two places above Olga.
Throughout the tournament, a player may challenge, and play, only either the player ranked immediately above her or the player ranked two places above her. If the challenger wins, she exchanges rank with her defeated opponent. A loss by the challenger leaves the rankings of both herself and her opponent unchanged.
Some office workers are continually passing around a single copy of a memo because no one will keep it or take the responsibility for throwing it away.
Each worker accepts the memo, but no one holds on to it for more than one workday.
Fred always gives the memo to Elvira.
Elvira always gives the memo either to Bob or to Carla.
Bob always gives the memo either to Carla or to Alvin.
Carla always gives the memo either to Alvin or to Fred.
Alvin always gives the memo to Fred.
Some office workers are continually passing around a single copy of a memo because no one will keep it or take the responsibility for throwing it away.
Each worker accepts the memo, but no one holds on to it for more than one workday.
Fred always gives the memo to Elvira.
Elvira always gives the memo either to Bob or to Carla.
Bob always gives the memo either to Carla or to Alvin.
Carla always gives the memo either to Alvin or to Fred.
Alvin always gives the memo to Fred.
Some office workers are continually passing around a single copy of a memo because no one will keep it or take the responsibility for throwing it away.
Each worker accepts the memo, but no one holds on to it for more than one workday.
Fred always gives the memo to Elvira.
Elvira always gives the memo either to Bob or to Carla.
Bob always gives the memo either to Carla or to Alvin.
Carla always gives the memo either to Alvin or to Fred.
Alvin always gives the memo to Fred.
Some office workers are continually passing around a single copy of a memo because no one will keep it or take the responsibility for throwing it away.
Each worker accepts the memo, but no one holds on to it for more than one workday.
Fred always gives the memo to Elvira.
Elvira always gives the memo either to Bob or to Carla.
Bob always gives the memo either to Carla or to Alvin.
Carla always gives the memo either to Alvin or to Fred.
Alvin always gives the memo to Fred.
Some office workers are continually passing around a single copy of a memo because no one will keep it or take the responsibility for throwing it away.
Each worker accepts the memo, but no one holds on to it for more than one workday.
Fred always gives the memo to Elvira.
Elvira always gives the memo either to Bob or to Carla.
Bob always gives the memo either to Carla or to Alvin.
Carla always gives the memo either to Alvin or to Fred.
Alvin always gives the memo to Fred.
The dangers of being underweight supported by the statistics above appear less serious if which of the following is true?
Which of the following, if true, weakens the researchers’ conclusion?
The most serious weakness of the argument above is that the author
A parking garage has four levels: Blue, Green, Red, and Yellow. There are only eight spaces available for rental: three on Blue, one on Green, two on Red, and two on Yellow. The management must assign six cars—L, M, N, O, P, and Q—to these spaces, subject to the following conditions:
Two cars must be assigned to Red, and at least one of the cars must be assigned to each of the other levels.
Cars L and O must be assigned to the same level.
Car M cannot be assigned to Yellow.
Car Q must be assigned to Red.
A parking garage has four levels: Blue, Green, Red, and Yellow. There are only eight spaces available for rental: three on Blue, one on Green, two on Red, and two on Yellow. The management must assign six cars—L, M, N, O, P, and Q—to these spaces, subject to the following conditions:
Two cars must be assigned to Red, and at least one of the cars must be assigned to each of the other levels.
Cars L and O must be assigned to the same level.
Car M cannot be assigned to Yellow.
Car Q must be assigned to Red.
A parking garage has four levels: Blue, Green, Red, and Yellow. There are only eight spaces available for rental: three on Blue, one on Green, two on Red, and two on Yellow. The management must assign six cars—L, M, N, O, P, and Q—to these spaces, subject to the following conditions:
Two cars must be assigned to Red, and at least one of the cars must be assigned to each of the other levels.
Cars L and O must be assigned to the same level.
Car M cannot be assigned to Yellow.
Car Q must be assigned to Red.
A parking garage has four levels: Blue, Green, Red, and Yellow. There are only eight spaces available for rental: three on Blue, one on Green, two on Red, and two on Yellow. The management must assign six cars—L, M, N, O, P, and Q—to these spaces, subject to the following conditions:
Two cars must be assigned to Red, and at least one of the cars must be assigned to each of the other levels.
Cars L and O must be assigned to the same level.
Car M cannot be assigned to Yellow.
Car Q must be assigned to Red.
A parking garage has four levels: Blue, Green, Red, and Yellow. There are only eight spaces available for rental: three on Blue, one on Green, two on Red, and two on Yellow. The management must assign six cars—L, M, N, O, P, and Q—to these spaces, subject to the following conditions:
Two cars must be assigned to Red, and at least one of the cars must be assigned to each of the other levels.
Cars L and O must be assigned to the same level.
Car M cannot be assigned to Yellow.
Car Q must be assigned to Red.
A parking garage has four levels: Blue, Green, Red, and Yellow. There are only eight spaces available for rental: three on Blue, one on Green, two on Red, and two on Yellow. The management must assign six cars—L, M, N, O, P, and Q—to these spaces, subject to the following conditions:
Two cars must be assigned to Red, and at least one of the cars must be assigned to each of the other levels.
Cars L and O must be assigned to the same level.
Car M cannot be assigned to Yellow.
Car Q must be assigned to Red.
All of the following, if true, support the argument above EXCEPT:
There are experts in this country who claim that there is a surplus of doctors and that access to medical schools must consequently be restricted so that the high quality of medical care can be maintained. These analysts, though, fail to point out that there is a severe shortage of doctors in low-income areas and that there is only an overabundance of physicians where there are patients who can afford to pay high fees.
There are experts in this country who claim that there is a surplus of doctors and that access to medical schools must consequently be restricted so that the high quality of medical care can be maintained. These analysts, though, fail to point out that there is a severe shortage of doctors in low-income areas and that there is only an overabundance of physicians where there are patients who can afford to pay high fees.
In an amusement park seven friends—F, G, H, J, K, L, and M—are deciding who will ride the roller coaster. There is only time for one ride before the park closes.
If F rides, G must ride.
If G and H both ride, J cannot ride.
If H and J both ride, L cannot ride.
If J rides, either K or M must ride.
K and L cannot both ride, but one of them must ride.
K and M cannot both ride.
In an amusement park seven friends—F, G, H, J, K, L, and M—are deciding who will ride the roller coaster. There is only time for one ride before the park closes.
If F rides, G must ride.
If G and H both ride, J cannot ride.
If H and J both ride, L cannot ride.
If J rides, either K or M must ride.
K and L cannot both ride, but one of them must ride.
K and M cannot both ride.
In an amusement park seven friends—F, G, H, J, K, L, and M—are deciding who will ride the roller coaster. There is only time for one ride before the park closes.
If F rides, G must ride.
If G and H both ride, J cannot ride.
If H and J both ride, L cannot ride.
If J rides, either K or M must ride.
K and L cannot both ride, but one of them must ride.
K and M cannot both ride.
In an amusement park seven friends—F, G, H, J, K, L, and M—are deciding who will ride the roller coaster. There is only time for one ride before the park closes.
If F rides, G must ride.
If G and H both ride, J cannot ride.
If H and J both ride, L cannot ride.
If J rides, either K or M must ride.
K and L cannot both ride, but one of them must ride.
K and M cannot both ride.
In an amusement park seven friends—F, G, H, J, K, L, and M—are deciding who will ride the roller coaster. There is only time for one ride before the park closes.
If F rides, G must ride.
If G and H both ride, J cannot ride.
If H and J both ride, L cannot ride.
If J rides, either K or M must ride.
K and L cannot both ride, but one of them must ride.
K and M cannot both ride.
Eight people—N, P, Q, R, S, T, U, and V—are taking a canoe trip. They have three canoes, a blue one, a yellow one, and a green one. Each canoe has exactly three seats. When the group stops along the way, the people may change canoes. While traveling, each person occupies one seat of one canoe in accordance with the following restrictions:
N and P are always in the same canoe.
Q is always in the yellow canoe.
R is never in the same canoe as S.
T is always in a canoe with one empty seat.
U is always in a canoe with either S or Q or both.
Eight people—N, P, Q, R, S, T, U, and V—are taking a canoe trip. They have three canoes, a blue one, a yellow one, and a green one. Each canoe has exactly three seats. When the group stops along the way, the people may change canoes. While traveling, each person occupies one seat of one canoe in accordance with the following restrictions:
N and P are always in the same canoe.
Q is always in the yellow canoe.
R is never in the same canoe as S.
T is always in a canoe with one empty seat.
U is always in a canoe with either S or Q or both.
Eight people—N, P, Q, R, S, T, U, and V—are taking a canoe trip. They have three canoes, a blue one, a yellow one, and a green one. Each canoe has exactly three seats. When the group stops along the way, the people may change canoes. While traveling, each person occupies one seat of one canoe in accordance with the following restrictions:
N and P are always in the same canoe.
Q is always in the yellow canoe.
R is never in the same canoe as S.
T is always in a canoe with one empty seat.
U is always in a canoe with either S or Q or both.
Eight people—N, P, Q, R, S, T, U, and V—are taking a canoe trip. They have three canoes, a blue one, a yellow one, and a green one. Each canoe has exactly three seats. When the group stops along the way, the people may change canoes. While traveling, each person occupies one seat of one canoe in accordance with the following restrictions:
N and P are always in the same canoe.
Q is always in the yellow canoe.
R is never in the same canoe as S.
T is always in a canoe with one empty seat.
U is always in a canoe with either S or Q or both.
Eight people—N, P, Q, R, S, T, U, and V—are taking a canoe trip. They have three canoes, a blue one, a yellow one, and a green one. Each canoe has exactly three seats. When the group stops along the way, the people may change canoes. While traveling, each person occupies one seat of one canoe in accordance with the following restrictions:
N and P are always in the same canoe.
Q is always in the yellow canoe.
R is never in the same canoe as S.
T is always in a canoe with one empty seat.
U is always in a canoe with either S or Q or both.
A store manager is arranging a display of five pans on a rack that has six hooks, numbered one through six from left to right. The available pans are a small iron pan, a medium iron pan, a medium aluminum pan, a large aluminum pan, a medium copper pan, and a large copper pan. An acceptable display must be arranged according to the following conditions:
There is always either a large pan on hook one and a small pan on hook six, or a small pan on hook one and a large pan on hook six.
Two copper pans must be used and must be placed on immediately adjacent hooks.
At least two medium pans must be used and must be placed on immediately adjacent hooks; if all three medium pans are used, they cannot all be immediately adjacent to one another.
A store manager is arranging a display of five pans on a rack that has six hooks, numbered one through six from left to right. The available pans are a small iron pan, a medium iron pan, a medium aluminum pan, a large aluminum pan, a medium copper pan, and a large copper pan. An acceptable display must be arranged according to the following conditions:
There is always either a large pan on hook one and a small pan on hook six, or a small pan on hook one and a large pan on hook six.
Two copper pans must be used and must be placed on immediately adjacent hooks.
At least two medium pans must be used and must be placed on immediately adjacent hooks; if all three medium pans are used, they cannot all be immediately adjacent to one another.
I. The small iron pan
II. The medium aluminum pan
III. The large copper pan
A store manager is arranging a display of five pans on a rack that has six hooks, numbered one through six from left to right. The available pans are a small iron pan, a medium iron pan, a medium aluminum pan, a large aluminum pan, a medium copper pan, and a large copper pan. An acceptable display must be arranged according to the following conditions:
There is always either a large pan on hook one and a small pan on hook six, or a small pan on hook one and a large pan on hook six.
Two copper pans must be used and must be placed on immediately adjacent hooks.
At least two medium pans must be used and must be placed on immediately adjacent hooks; if all three medium pans are used, they cannot all be immediately adjacent to one another.
Which of the following is a conclusion that can logically be drawn from the passage above?
Which of the following is an assumption underlying the conclusion of the passage above?
Which of the following, if true, most helps to explain the preference of the producers?
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