SUB-TEST EIGHT: LOGICAL INFERENCES

Questions

1. Premises: The medals were given only to the best students, and Jacob received one of the medals.
   Conclusion: Jacob is one of the best students.
   Necessarily True Necessarily False Probably True Probably False Undetermined
2. Premises: For years all of my suits have been made by Cutts and from cloth manufactured by the Albrite Company, and all of the suits have been satisfactory.
   Conclusion: My new suit which has been ordered from Cutts and of material from the same company is not going to be satisfactory.
   Necessarily True Necessarily False Probably True Probably False Undetermined
3. Premises: All of the electric lights are out, and all of the students' lights are electric lights.
   Conclusion: Some of the students' lights are not out.
   Necessarily True Necessarily False Probably True Probably False Undetermined
4. Premise: There is a ring on each brass hook.
   Conclusion: There are no rings on the iron hooks.
   Necessarily True Necessarily False Probably True Probably False Undetermined
5. Premise: Professor Johnson has given a great many lectures and they have all been interesting.
   Conclusion: Today's lecture by Professor Johnson will be interesting.
   Necessarily True Necessarily False Probably True Probably False Undetermined
6. Premises: My mother has baked bread for a great many years and has been unsuccessful only a few times. She is baking bread today.
   Conclusion: The bread she bakes today will be successful.
   Necessarily True Necessarily False Probably True Probably False Undetermined
7. Premises: There are some histories on the shelf, and all of the books on the shelf belong to Robert.
   Conclusion: Robert owns some histories.
   Necessarily True Necessarily False Probably True Probably False Undetermined
8. Premises: Any man who is reckless enough to go swimming in the harbor today will certainly be eaten by these sharks. Any man who is reckless enough to go swimming in the harbor today is certainly a fool.
   Conclusion: Some fool will be eaten by these sharks.
   Necessarily True Necessarily False Probably True Probably False Undetermined
9. Premises: Gerald has gone fishing forty times before and has brought home fish every time. He has gone fishing today.
   Conclusion: He will bring home no fish today.
   Necessarily True Necessarily False Probably True Probably False Undetermined
10. Premise: There are some apples on the tree but there are no ripe ones.
    Conclusion: There are no unripe apples on the tree.
    Necessarily True Necessarily False Probably True Probably False Undetermined
11. Premises: All of the stationery used by our firm is made by Reading Paper Company and none of the paper made by Reading Paper Company is poorly made.
    Conclusion: None of the paper which is used by our firm is well made.
    Necessarily True Necessarily False Probably True Probably False Undetermined
12. Premises: Every morning for a year John has gone to his laboratory expecting to finish his invention before night and it is not finished yet. This morning again he expects to finish before night.
    Conclusion: He will finish before tonight.
    Necessarily True Necessarily False Probably True Probably False Undetermined
13. Premises: Josiah Green is a very poor student and is rather tall and slim. Jonathan Brown was born on the same day as Josiah and is closely similar to him in height and weight.
    Conclusion: Jonathan is also a poor student.
    Necessarily True Necessarily False Probably True Probably False Undetermined
14. Premise: This medicine has cured every patient having this disease to whom it has been administered.
    Conclusion: If given in a similar way to Q, who has the same disease, it will cure Q.
    Necessarily True Necessarily False Probably True Probably False Undetermined
15. Premises: Henry has been admitted to Carnum Military School, and no boy has ever been admitted to Carnum without first passing a physical examination.
    Conclusion: Henry has passed a physical examination.
    Necessarily True Necessarily False Probably True Probably False Undetermined
16. Premise: Some of the painted wagons were not repaired.
    Conclusion: All of the repaired wagons were painted.
    Necessarily True Necessarily False Probably True Probably False Undetermined
17. Premises: In nineteen out of the past twenty years there have been hard thunderstorms in Dinkshire County in September, but there is the old adage that 'lightning never strikes twice in the same place.'
    Conclusion: There will be no thunderstorms in that county next September.
    Necessarily True Necessarily False Probably True Probably False Undetermined
18. Premise: This substance resembles sulfur in color, in odor, and by every other test that I know.
    Conclusion: This substance is sulfur.
    Necessarily True Necessarily False Probably True Probably False Undetermined
19. Premises: All of the houses on North Street are one‑family houses. The house owned by Mr. Morrison is a two‑family house.
    Conclusion: Mr. Morrison's house is not on North Street.
    Necessarily True Necessarily False Probably True Probably False Undetermined
20. Premises: There are some bottles on the shelf, but there are no labelled ones.
    Conclusion: There are no unlabelled bottles on the shelf.
    Necessarily True Necessarily False Probably True Probably False Undetermined
21. Premises: Fifteen people have visited the gallery since this new picture was hung and all of them have admired it; but people's tastes vary.
    Conclusion: The next person who comes in will not like the picture.
    Necessarily True Necessarily False Probably True Probably False Undetermined
22. Premises: Some rapid walkers fatigue quickly. James is a rapid walker.
    Conclusion: James fatigues quickly.
    Necessarily True Necessarily False Probably True Probably False Undetermined
23. Premises: Not all of the buildings on Main Avenue have slate roofs, but all of them are built of brick.
    Conclusion: There are some brick buildings in town without slate roofs.
    Necessarily True Necessarily False Probably True Probably False Undetermined
24. Premise: None of the doors with latches are fastened.
    Conclusion: Some of the doors that are fastened have latches.
    Necessarily True Necessarily False Probably True Probably False Undetermined
25. Premise: Tall people are generally heavier than the average.
    Conclusion: Of the twenty tallest students in college, more than ten are heavier than the college average.
    Necessarily True Necessarily False Probably True Probably False Undetermined
26. Premises: There is no record of snow in the known history of Tago County.
    Conclusion: It will not snow in Tago County this year.
    Necessarily True Necessarily False Probably True Probably False Undetermined
27. Premises: If Geoffrey did not go to the game he had not received his check. He had received his check.
    Conclusion: Geoffrey went to the game.
    Necessarily True Necessarily False Probably True Probably False Undetermined
28. Premise: All of the steel bridges in the country are well built.
    Conclusion: Some of the poorly built bridges are made of steel.
    Necessarily True Necessarily False Probably True Probably False Undetermined
29. Premise: There are twelve months in a year, but Washington and Lincoln were born in the same month, February.
    Conclusion: The two greatest Americans of the next two hundred years will be born in February.
    Necessarily True Necessarily False Probably True Probably False Undetermined
30. Premises: Jeff is taller than Rob; Rob is taller than George; George is taller than Peter; and Tom is taller than Peter.
    Conclusion: Jeff is taller than Tom.
    Necessarily True Necessarily False Probably True Probably False Undetermined
31. Premises: If Henry, Robert, Philip, or Susan comes, we shall be able to learn about the accident. Philip and Susan will come but not Henry or Robert.
    Conclusion: We shall not be able to learn about the accident.
    Necessarily True Necessarily False Probably True Probably False Undetermined
32. Premises: These pipes will hold a vacuum indefinitely so long as there are no leaks. They have been sealed with a durable cement, and no leaks have been detected.
    Conclusion: They will hold a vacuum for a long time.
    Necessarily True Necessarily False Probably True Probably False Undetermined
33. Premises: Slips marked with successive numbers from 1 to 100 have been put in a hat and well stirred. Out of 80 slips already drawn 48 have been below 50.
    Conclusion: The next number drawn will be below 50.
    Necessarily True Necessarily False Probably True Probably False Undetermined
34. Premises: All the leaders of society in our town were present at the wedding. Mr. and Mrs. Brown were present at the wedding.
    Conclusion: Mr. and Mrs. Brown are leaders of society.
    Necessarily True Necessarily False Probably True Probably False Undetermined
35. Premises: Most of the pupils in this school have bought algebras, and most have dictionaries.
    Conclusion: Some have both dictionaries and algebras.
    Necessarily True Necessarily False Probably True Probably False Undetermined
36. Premises: All of the boys from Parkville wear fine clothes, and John does not wear fine clothes.
    Conclusion: John is not from Parkville.
    Necessarily True Necessarily False Probably True Probably False Undetermined
37. Premises: All but five percent of the girls at Maynard College obey the rule which forbids smoking. The fifty girls in Lockhart Dormitory appear to be average representatives of the College.
    Conclusion: Of these fifty girls the majority smoke.
    Necessarily True Necessarily False Probably True Probably False Undetermined
38. Premise: Some of the bundles that are tied do not contain coupons.
    Conclusion: Some of the bundles that do not contain coupons are tied.
    Necessarily True Necessarily False Probably True Probably False Undetermined
39. Premises: The automobile would not start at first, but after I had found a loose connection at the battery and tightened it, the car started without difficulty.
    Conclusion: The loose connection at the battery had prevented the starting of the car.
    Necessarily True Necessarily False Probably True Probably False Undetermined
40. Premises: Some person entered this room, unlocked the box and took the ring. Jerry is the only person who has been in the room.
    Conclusion: Jerry did not take the ring.
    Necessarily True Necessarily False Probably True Probably False Undetermined