Mohgeroth's MMPI-2 Results - CognitiveMetrics

Administration Overview

NormsMale

True / False45% / 55%

Profile Elevation82.8

CompletedSep 9, 2026

How To Read This Report

MMPI-2 responses are scored across validity indicators, Clinical scales, RC scales, Content scales, PSY-5 scales, and other supplementary scales. Start with the validity indicators, which help determine whether responses were consistent and whether symptoms may have been over- or under-reported. The remaining scales can then be interpreted together to understand the overall profile.

Scores are reported as T-scores, which show how a person's responses compare with MMPI-2 normative data. A T-score of 50 is average, with standard deviations being 10 points. On many Clinical, RC, and Content scales, scores of about 65 (1.5 SD) or higher are considered meaningful elevations, although interpretation varies by scale and setting. Higher scores generally indicate stronger claims of the characteristics measured by that scale. Low scores are often less informative and should not automatically be interpreted as direct opposites of high scores.

The MMPI-2 describes patterns in a person's responses. It does not by itself explain why those patterns are present and an elevated score may have several possible explanations. Individual scales should therefore be interpreted together and considered alongside the person's history, circumstances, and other clinical information.

This isn't a diagnosis. Consult a qualified professional if you have concerns.

Validity Scales

Variable Response Inconsistency (VRIN) T=57

True Reponse Inconsistency (TRIN) T=65T

Whether the questions were meaningfully answered, rather than clicked through randomly. If this fails, interpretations of the profile cannot be trusted.

VRIN is within an acceptable range at T=57, meaning similar questions were not answered in contradictory ways. TRIN is within an acceptable range at T=65, suggesting no significant evidence that the same answer was given regardless of the question. The content-based validity indicators can therefore be generally interpreted.

Infrequency (F) T=98

Backside F (Fb) T=75

Infrequency Psychopathology (Fp) T=48

Whether the answers report far more problems (or rarer, more unusual problems) than people typically go through. This can reflect both real issues or over-reporting.

F is markedly elevated at T=98, strongly suggesting numerous atypical or exaggerated experiences. Fp is not elevated (T=48), which limits evidence for claims of symptoms that are exceptionally unusual even among psychiatric populations. This likely reflects genuine distress or clinically significant psychopathology and does not by itself provide strong evidence of deliberate exaggeration. Fb is also elevated at T=75, suggesting that infrequent responding was relatively sustained across the test.

Uncommon Virtues (L) T=61

Correction (K) T=39

Superlative Self-Presentation (S) T=40

Whether the answers report far fewer problems than people typically admit. This can reflect real stability or minimizing genuine struggles.

L (T=61), K (T=39), and S (T=40) are not elevated, so there is little sign of broad defensiveness or an overly favorable self-presentation. This does not rule out some minimization of difficulties.

Clinical Scales (K-corrected)

1Hs 84

2D 95

3Hy 84

4Pd 77

5Mf 58

6Pa 83

7Pt 96

8Sc 98

9Ma 45

0Si 85

Elevated scales, highest first: Schizophrenia (Sc, T=98), Psychasthenia (Pt, T=96), Depression (D, T=95), Hypochondriasis (Hs, T=84), Hysteria (Hy, T=84), Paranoia (Pa, T=83), Psychopathic Deviate (Pd, T=77). With four or more scales elevated together, a good part of the elevation may reflect a single more general distress rather than multiple unique problems. The Restructured Clinical (RC) scales help separate the two.

Elevated scales

Schizophrenia (Sc) T=98 · Severe elevation
Very high scores can reflect unusual perceptual or thought experiences, but are also raised by acute crisis, trauma, substance use, and confused test-taking. Corroborate before drawing any conclusion about psychosis. This scale is broad and a high score is not equivalent to schizophrenia.

Psychasthenia (Pt) T=96 · Severe elevation
Severe anxiety and rumination, possibly with obsessive thinking or compulsive behaviour, and difficulty functioning day to day. This scale tracks current distress and tends to fall once the stressor resolves.

Depression (D) T=95 · Severe elevation
Severe depressive distress. Mood and hopelessness should be assessed directly rather than inferred from the test. This scale is sensitive to current circumstances and often falls as the situation improves.

Social Introversion (Si) T=85 · Severe elevation
Pronounced social withdrawal and avoidance. This scale describes social style rather than a disorder.

Hypochondriasis (Hs) T=84 · Marked elevation
Strong somatic preoccupation. Numerous physical complaints are likely to dominate the picture, often without a proportionate medical explanation, and can be used to draw care or control relationships. Real medical illness also raises this scale, an elevation does not necessarily mean the symptoms are imagined.

Hysteria (Hy) T=84 · Marked elevation
Marked reliance on physical symptoms under stress, alongside denial of anger, conflict, or serious emotional problems. The name does not imply that a high score means the symptoms are faked or that the person is deceptive.

Paranoia (Pa) T=83 · Marked elevation
Pronounced suspiciousness and sensitivity to perceived mistreatment, with blame directed at others. Genuine experiences of discrimination or mistreatment can raise this scale.

Psychopathic Deviate (Pd) T=77 · Marked elevation
A significant history of conflict with social norms, authority, and close relationships is likely, with anger and blame directed outward. This scale should not be confused as a measure of psychopathy and can be raised by situational conflict, family disruption, or a passing phase of rebellion.

Scale 0 (Si) is elevated. It describes a withdrawn, inhibited social style and colors the other elevations, but it is not itself a clinical syndrome.

Content Scales

Scale	Name	T-Score	Description
ANX	Anxiety	77	Measures anxiety, tension, worry, and difficulty relaxing. Higher scores suggest more frequent or intense anxious distress.Interpretive emphasis: This reflects general anxiety and does not by itself indicate a specific anxiety disorder.
FRS	Fears	70	Measures fears and phobic concerns. Higher scores suggest greater fearfulness or avoidance of certain situations, objects, or experiences.Interpretive emphasis: This scale reflects fearfulness rather than general emotional distress.
OBS	Obsessivness	77	Measures rumination, intrusive thoughts, indecision, and difficulty letting go of worries. Higher scores suggest a more obsessive or overthinking style.Interpretive emphasis: An elevated score alone does not indicate obsessive-compulsive disorder.
DEP	Depression	77	Measures sadness, hopelessness, low motivation, and depressive thoughts. Higher scores suggest greater depressive distress.Interpretive emphasis: An elevated score does not by itself establish a depressive disorder.
HEA	Health Concerns	83	Measures physical symptoms and concerns about health or bodily functioning. Higher scores suggest that health concerns are more prominent.Interpretive emphasis: High scores do not mean physical symptoms are imaginary or psychologically caused.
BIZ	Bizarre Mentation	60	Measures unusual thoughts, beliefs, perceptions, or experiences. Higher scores suggest greater endorsement of experiences that may seem strange or difficult to explain.Interpretive emphasis: High scores require context and do not by themselves indicate psychosis.
ANG	Anger	59	Measures anger, irritability, impatience, and difficulty controlling temper. Higher scores suggest greater problems with anger or frustration.Interpretive emphasis: This scale reflects anger and irritability, not necessarily aggressive behavior.
CYN	Cynicism	56	Measures distrust of others and expectations that people may be selfish, dishonest, or unfair. Higher scores suggest greater cynicism and interpersonal mistrust.Interpretive emphasis: High scores do not necessarily indicate paranoia.
ASP	Antisocial Practices	47	Measures rule-breaking attitudes and behaviors, conflict with authority, and disregard for social expectations. Higher scores suggest greater endorsement of antisocial practices.Interpretive emphasis: An elevated score alone does not indicate Antisocial Personality Disorder.
TPA	Type A	56	Measures competitiveness, impatience, time pressure, and a hard-driving style. Higher scores suggest greater urgency, frustration, or competitiveness.Interpretive emphasis: This scale reflects a behavioral style rather than a psychiatric disorder.
LSE	Low Self-esteem	80	Measures self-doubt, low confidence, and feelings of inadequacy. Higher scores suggest a more negative view of oneself.Interpretive emphasis: Elevations may occur with depression, anxiety, or other forms of emotional distress.
SOD	Social Discomfort	81	Measures discomfort in social situations, shyness, and preference for being alone. Higher scores suggest greater social uneasiness or withdrawal.Interpretive emphasis: High scores may reflect shyness or introversion and do not necessarily indicate social anxiety disorder.
FAM	Family Problems	77	Measures conflict, dissatisfaction, or emotional distance within family relationships. Higher scores suggest greater perceived family problems.Interpretive emphasis: This scale reflects the person's perception of family relationships.
WRK	Work Interference	74	Measures emotional or behavioral difficulties that may interfere with work or school functioning. Higher scores suggest greater problems with concentration, confidence, stress, or performance.Interpretive emphasis: This scale reflects possible interference with functioning, not ability or intelligence.
TRT	Negative Treatment Indicators	71	Measures negative attitudes toward treatment, difficulty trusting helpers, and doubts about the ability to change. Higher scores suggest possible barriers to treatment engagement.Interpretive emphasis: A high score does not mean treatment will be ineffective.

Restructured Clinical (RC) Scales

Scale	Name	T-Score	Description
dem	Demoralization	83	Measures overall emotional distress, discouragement, and dissatisfaction. Higher scores suggest greater feelings of unhappiness, overwhelm, helplessness, or pessimism.Interpretive emphasis: This reflects general distress and is not specific to depression.
som	Somatic Complaints	89	Measures physical complaints such as pain, fatigue, weakness, and concerns about health or bodily functioning. Higher scores indicate that physical symptoms are more prominent.Interpretive emphasis: High scores do not mean symptoms are imaginary or caused by psychological factors.
lpe	Low Positive Emotions	86	Measures reduced enjoyment, interest, enthusiasm, and positive emotion. Higher scores suggest less pleasure, lower engagement, and possible social withdrawal.Interpretive emphasis: This scale focuses more on loss of positive emotion than on sadness itself.
cyn	Cynicism	60	Measures distrust of others and the belief that people may be selfish, dishonest, or exploitative. Higher scores suggest greater interpersonal mistrust and cynicism.Interpretive emphasis: High scores reflect distrust and do not necessarily indicate paranoia.
asb	Antisocial Behavior	59	Measures rule-breaking, conflict with authority, irresponsibility, and disregard for social expectations. Higher scores suggest greater endorsement of antisocial attitudes or behaviors.Interpretive emphasis: An elevated score alone does not indicate Antisocial Personality Disorder.
per	Ideas of Persecution	62	Measures suspiciousness and beliefs that others may be unfair, threatening, deceptive, or intentionally harmful. Higher scores suggest greater sensitivity to perceived mistreatment or persecution.Interpretive emphasis: Higher elevations may warrant closer assessment of paranoid or persecutory thinking.
dne	Dysfunctional Negative Emotions	77	Measures anxiety, worry, fear, guilt, irritability, and other difficult negative emotions. Higher scores suggest more frequent or intense emotional distress and rumination.Interpretive emphasis: This reflects broad negative emotionality rather than one specific anxiety disorder.
abx	Aberrant Experiences	83	Measures unusual thoughts, perceptions, sensory experiences, or disturbances in thinking. Higher scores indicate greater endorsement of experiences that may seem unusual or difficult to explain.Interpretive emphasis: High scores require context and do not by themselves indicate psychosis.
hpm	Hypomanic Activation	39	Measures high energy, excitement, impulsivity, irritability, activity, and sensation seeking. Higher scores suggest greater activation, restlessness, or difficulty slowing down.Interpretive emphasis: An elevated score alone does not indicate hypomania or bipolar disorder.

PSY-5 Scales

Scale	Name	T-Score	Description
AGGR	Aggressiveness	36	Measures assertiveness, dominance, anger, and a tendency toward aggressive or forceful behavior. Higher scores suggest a more competitive, confrontational, or controlling style.Interpretive emphasis: High scores do not necessarily indicate violent or dangerous behavior.
PSYC	Psychoticism	56	Measures unusual beliefs, perceptions, thinking, and feelings of disconnection from others. Higher scores suggest greater likelihood of unusual or atypical experiences.Interpretive emphasis: An elevated score alone does not indicate psychosis or a psychotic disorder.
DISC	Disconstraint	37	Measures impulsivity, risk-taking, rule-breaking, and difficulty with self-control. Higher scores suggest a more spontaneous or poorly restrained behavioral style.Interpretive emphasis: High scores reflect disinhibition and do not by themselves indicate Antisocial Personality Disorder.
NEGE	Negative Emotionality / Neuroticism	68	Measures worry, anxiety, irritability, insecurity, and sensitivity to stress. Higher scores suggest more frequent or intense negative emotional reactions.Interpretive emphasis: This reflects broad negative emotionality rather than a specific emotional disorder.
INTR	Introversion / Low Positive Emotionality	85	Measures social withdrawal, low enthusiasm, and reduced experience of positive emotions. Higher scores suggest greater introversion and lower social or emotional engagement.Interpretive emphasis: High scores may reflect introversion or low positive emotion and do not necessarily indicate depression.

Supplementary Scales

Scale	Name	T-Score	Description
A	Anxiety	78	Measures general anxiety, tension, worry, and emotional distress. Higher scores suggest greater anxiousness and difficulty feeling calm or secure.Interpretive emphasis: This reflects broad anxiety and distress rather than a specific anxiety disorder.
R	Repression	74	Measures a tendency to avoid, suppress, or minimize unpleasant thoughts and emotions. Higher scores suggest greater emotional restraint and avoidance of distress.Interpretive emphasis: Higher scores may reflect a coping style rather than the absence of emotional problems.
Es	Ego Strength	≤30	Measures psychological resilience, confidence, adaptability, and ability to cope with stress. Higher scores suggest stronger coping resources and emotional stability.Interpretive emphasis: Unlike many MMPI-2 scales, higher scores on Ego Strength generally reflect greater psychological resources.
MAC-R	MacAndrew Alcoholism Scale-Revised	34	Measures personality and behavioral characteristics associated with increased risk for problematic alcohol or substance use. Higher scores suggest greater similarity to patterns linked with substance misuse.Interpretive emphasis: An elevated score does not establish alcohol or substance use disorder.
AAS	Addiction Acknowledgement	51	Measures direct acknowledgment of problems related to alcohol or drug use. Higher scores suggest greater recognition of substance-related difficulties.Interpretive emphasis: This scale reflects acknowledged substance problems and should be interpreted with history and other assessment information.
APS	Addiction Potential	33	Measures personality characteristics associated with increased vulnerability to substance misuse. Higher scores suggest greater potential risk for problematic alcohol or drug use.Interpretive emphasis: High scores indicate risk characteristics rather than proof of current substance misuse.
MDS	Marital Distress	74	Measures dissatisfaction, conflict, and emotional strain within a marriage or committed relationship. Higher scores suggest greater relationship distress.Interpretive emphasis: This scale reflects the person's reported experience of the relationship.
Ho	Hostility	57	Measures hostility, resentment, cynicism, and anger toward others. Higher scores suggest greater irritability, mistrust, or hostile attitudes.Interpretive emphasis: High scores do not necessarily indicate aggressive or violent behavior.
O-H	Overcontrolled Hostility	48	Measures a tendency to suppress or tightly control anger and hostile feelings. Higher scores suggest greater restraint in expressing anger openly.Interpretive emphasis: High scores reflect overcontrol of hostility rather than an absence of anger.
Do	Dominance	≤30	Measures confidence, assertiveness, leadership, and comfort taking charge. Higher scores suggest a more dominant and self-assured interpersonal style.Interpretive emphasis: This scale reflects interpersonal style rather than psychological health or pathology.
Re	Social Responsibility	47	Measures responsibility, dependability, cooperation, and acceptance of social expectations. Higher scores suggest greater conscientiousness and social responsibility.Interpretive emphasis: This scale primarily reflects attitudes toward responsibility and social behavior.
Mt	College Maladjustment	85	Measures emotional distress and adjustment difficulties associated with college or academic life. Higher scores suggest greater problems coping with academic, social, or personal demands.Interpretive emphasis: This scale reflects adjustment difficulties rather than academic ability or intelligence.
GM	Masculine Gender Role	≤30	Measures traits and interests traditionally associated with a masculine gender role, such as confidence, persistence, and action-oriented behavior.Interpretive emphasis: This scale does not measure gender identity, biological sex, sexual orientation, or psychological health.
GF	Feminine Gender Role	60	Measures traits and interests traditionally associated with a feminine gender role, such as interpersonal sensitivity, warmth, and emotional awareness.Interpretive emphasis: This scale does not measure gender identity, biological sex, sexual orientation, or psychological health.
PK	Post-traumatic Stress Disorder	90	Measures symptoms and experiences commonly associated with post-traumatic stress, including anxiety, intrusive distress, emotional difficulties, and social withdrawal. Higher scores suggest greater similarity to PTSD-related patterns.Interpretive emphasis: An elevated score does not by itself establish a diagnosis of PTSD.

Harris-Lingoes & Other Subscales

Scale	Name	T-Score	Description
D1	Subjective Depression	98	Measures subjective feelings of sadness, unhappiness, and pessimism. Higher scores suggest greater depressive distress and low morale.Interpretive emphasis: This helps clarify the depressive symptoms contributing to the Depression scale.
D2	Psychomotor Retardation	70	Measures low energy, reduced activity, withdrawal, and lack of involvement. Higher scores suggest greater lethargy or slowing.Interpretive emphasis: This reflects reduced activity and engagement rather than a diagnosis by itself.
D3	Physical Malfunctioning	100	Measures physical discomfort, health complaints, and concern about bodily functioning. Higher scores suggest that physical symptoms are more prominent.Interpretive emphasis: High scores do not establish whether symptoms have medical or psychological causes.
D4	Mental Dullness	86	Measures mental fatigue, poor concentration, memory difficulties, and difficulty thinking clearly. Higher scores suggest greater cognitive strain.Interpretive emphasis: These difficulties can occur with depression, anxiety, stress, medical conditions, or other problems.
D5	Brooding	85	Measures brooding, rumination, sensitivity, and persistent negative thinking. Higher scores suggest greater difficulty letting go of troubling thoughts.Interpretive emphasis: This scale emphasizes the ruminative component of depressive distress.
Hy1	Denial of Social Anxiety	40	Measures social confidence and the denial or absence of social anxiety. Higher scores suggest greater comfort and ease around other people.Interpretive emphasis: High scores may reflect healthy sociability or, in some profiles, limited awareness of interpersonal sensitivity.
Hy2	Need for Affection	40	Measures a strong need for affection, approval, and positive relationships. Higher scores suggest greater trust in others and reluctance to acknowledge hostile feelings.Interpretive emphasis: This scale can reflect both interpersonal warmth and a tendency to minimize conflict or anger.
Hy3	Lassitude-malaise	97	Measures fatigue, weakness, unhappiness, poor concentration, and a general sense of not feeling well. Higher scores suggest greater malaise and low energy.Interpretive emphasis: This reflects a mixture of emotional and physical distress.
Hy4	Somatic Complaints	91	Measures physical and bodily complaints such as pain, dizziness, weakness, or other somatic symptoms. Higher scores suggest more prominent physical complaints.Interpretive emphasis: High scores do not mean symptoms are imaginary or psychologically caused.
Hy5	Inhibition of Aggression	48	Measures inhibition or denial of anger and aggressive feelings. Higher scores suggest greater restraint in acknowledging or expressing hostility.Interpretive emphasis: A high score reflects control or minimization of anger rather than an absence of anger.
Pd1	Familial Discord	71	Measures conflict, dissatisfaction, and lack of support within family relationships. Higher scores suggest greater perceived family discord.Interpretive emphasis: This reflects the person's reported experience of family relationships.
Pd2	Authority Problems	61	Measures resentment of rules, authority, and conventional expectations. Higher scores suggest greater rebelliousness or resistance to being controlled.Interpretive emphasis: This reflects attitudes toward authority rather than antisocial behavior by itself.
Pd3	Social Imperturbability	40	Measures social confidence, boldness, and low concern about others' opinions. Higher scores suggest greater ease and assertiveness in social situations.Interpretive emphasis: High scores may reflect healthy confidence or, in some profiles, interpersonal insensitivity.
Pd4	Social Alienation	73	Measures feelings of being misunderstood, isolated, or disconnected from other people. Higher scores suggest greater social alienation.Interpretive emphasis: This reflects perceived interpersonal disconnection rather than antisocial behavior.
Pd5	Self-alienation	82	Measures unhappiness with oneself, guilt, regret, and difficulty finding satisfaction in life. Higher scores suggest greater self-alienation.Interpretive emphasis: This scale reflects internal distress and dissatisfaction with oneself.
Pa1	Persecutory Ideas	64	Measures suspiciousness and beliefs that others may mistreat, harm, or unfairly target the person. Higher scores suggest greater persecutory thinking.Interpretive emphasis: An elevated score does not by itself establish paranoia or a delusional disorder.
Pa2	Poignancy	82	Measures heightened emotional sensitivity and a tendency to feel easily hurt, misunderstood, or strongly affected by experiences. Higher scores suggest greater interpersonal sensitivity.Interpretive emphasis: This scale reflects emotional sensitivity rather than persecutory thinking alone.
Pa3	Naivete	56	Measures a trusting, optimistic view of other people as honest, fair, and well-intentioned. Higher scores suggest greater interpersonal trust or naivete.Interpretive emphasis: High scores can reflect healthy trust and should not automatically be considered pathological.
Sc1	Social Alienation	92	Measures feelings of being misunderstood, unsupported, or disconnected from others. Higher scores suggest greater social isolation, mistrust, or difficulty feeling close to people.Interpretive emphasis: This scale reflects interpersonal alienation and difficulty feeling connected or supported by others.
Sc2	Emotional Alienation	78	Measures emotional isolation, apathy, unhappiness, and difficulty feeling meaningfully connected. Higher scores suggest greater emotional alienation.Interpretive emphasis: This can occur with depression and other forms of severe emotional distress.
Sc3	Lack of Ego Mastery, Cognitive	84	Measures unusual thinking, feelings of unreality, concentration problems, and concerns about losing control of one's thoughts. Higher scores suggest greater cognitive disturbance.Interpretive emphasis: An elevated score requires context and does not by itself indicate a psychotic disorder.
Sc4	Lack of Ego Mastery, Conative	87	Measures helplessness, difficulty coping, low motivation, and feeling overwhelmed by everyday demands. Higher scores suggest greater difficulty directing or managing one's behavior.Interpretive emphasis: This scale often reflects severe distress and reduced coping capacity.
Sc5	Lack of Ego Mastery, Defective Inhibition	68	Measures difficulty controlling emotions and impulses, including restlessness and irritability. Higher scores suggest weaker behavioral or emotional inhibition.Interpretive emphasis: This reflects perceived problems with self-control rather than dangerousness.
Sc6	Bizarre Sensory Experiences	109	Measures unusual sensory, bodily, or perceptual experiences. Higher scores suggest greater endorsement of experiences that may feel strange or difficult to explain.Interpretive emphasis: High scores require clinical context and do not by themselves indicate psychosis.
Ma1	Amorality	35	Measures cynical or opportunistic beliefs about other people and acceptance of self-serving behavior. Higher scores suggest greater willingness to view manipulation as understandable or justified.Interpretive emphasis: Despite its historical name, this scale should not be interpreted simply as a measure of morality.
Ma2	Psychomotor Acceleration	49	Measures accelerated thinking, speech, activity, restlessness, and excitement seeking. Higher scores suggest greater behavioral and mental activation.Interpretive emphasis: An elevated score alone does not establish hypomania or bipolar disorder.
Ma3	Imperturbability	35	Measures social confidence, low social anxiety, and limited concern about others' opinions. Higher scores suggest greater social ease and emotional imperturbability.Interpretive emphasis: High scores may reflect healthy confidence or, in some profiles, interpersonal insensitivity.
Ma4	Ego Inflation	56	Measures an inflated sense of importance, confidence, and resentment of restrictions or demands. Higher scores suggest greater self-importance or grandiosity.Interpretive emphasis: Elevation alone does not establish mania or a narcissistic disorder.
Si1	Shyness/Self-Consciousness	74	Measures shyness, self-consciousness, embarrassment, and discomfort in social situations. Higher scores suggest greater social anxiety or inhibition.Interpretive emphasis: This primarily reflects discomfort during social interaction.
Si2	Social Avoidance	71	Measures avoidance of groups, gatherings, and social involvement. Higher scores suggest a stronger preference for limiting social contact.Interpretive emphasis: This reflects social avoidance and may occur with either shyness or introversion.
Si3	Self/Other Alienation	65	Measures low self-confidence, feelings of inadequacy, interpersonal distrust, and disconnection from oneself and others. Higher scores suggest greater self and interpersonal alienation.Interpretive emphasis: This reflects broader alienation rather than social shyness alone.
D-O	Depression, Obvious	102	Measures openly expressed depressive symptoms such as sadness, worry, withdrawal, physical complaints, and poor concentration. Higher scores suggest greater overt depressive distress.Interpretive emphasis: The Obvious scale has stronger support as an indicator of depressive symptoms than the Depression-Subtle scale.
D-S	Depression, Subtle	48	Contains less obvious items historically associated with the Depression scale. Higher scores may reflect denial or minimization of difficulties rather than depressive symptoms themselves.Interpretive emphasis: This should not be interpreted as a measure of hidden depression.
Hy-O	Hysteria, Obvious	103	Measures openly reported physical and emotional distress, including fatigue, tension, low mood, and concentration problems. Higher scores suggest greater overt distress.Interpretive emphasis: This represents the more directly symptomatic portion of the Hysteria scale.
Hy-S	Hysteria, Subtle	38	Contains less obvious items emphasizing sociability, trust, and limited acknowledgment of anger or conflict. Higher scores may reflect a restrained or defensive coping style.Interpretive emphasis: This should not be interpreted as evidence of hidden hysteria.
Pd-O	Psychopathic Deviate, Obvious	84	Measures openly reported interpersonal, emotional, and behavioral problems associated with the Psychopathic Deviate scale. Higher scores suggest greater overt maladjustment.Interpretive emphasis: Elevation does not by itself indicate psychopathy or Antisocial Personality Disorder.
Pd-S	Psychopathic Deviate, Subtle	52	Contains less obvious items related to social boldness, impulsivity, and family or relationship difficulties. Higher scores reflect this behavioral style more than overt antisocial symptoms.Interpretive emphasis: Subtle scores should be interpreted cautiously and in the context of the full profile.
Pa-O	Paranoia, Obvious	75	Measures openly expressed suspiciousness, feelings of mistreatment, and persecutory concerns. Higher scores suggest greater overt mistrust or perceived persecution.Interpretive emphasis: An elevated score does not by itself establish a paranoid or psychotic disorder.
Pa-S	Paranoia, Subtle	65	Contains less obvious items emphasizing trust, optimism, and idealized views of other people. Higher scores often reflect interpersonal trust rather than overt paranoia.Interpretive emphasis: This should not be interpreted as a measure of hidden paranoia.
Ma-O	Hypomania, Obvoius	61	Measures openly expressed activation, impulsivity, excitement seeking, grandiosity, and poor behavioral restraint. Higher scores suggest greater overt hypomanic-style activation.Interpretive emphasis: An elevated score alone does not establish mania or bipolar disorder.
Ma-S	Hypomania, Subtle	35	Contains less obvious items related to social confidence, outgoingness, stimulation seeking, and emotional imperturbability. Higher scores suggest a more socially bold and activated style.Interpretive emphasis: This should not be interpreted as evidence of hidden hypomania.
FRS1	Generalized Fearfulness	71	Measures broad fearfulness and a tendency to feel easily frightened or threatened. Higher scores suggest greater generalized fearfulness.Interpretive emphasis: This reflects broad fearfulness rather than one specific phobia.
FRS2	Multiple Fears	67	Measures multiple specific fears involving particular objects, situations, or experiences. Higher scores suggest a greater number or variety of fears.Interpretive emphasis: This scale helps identify whether the broader Fears elevation is driven by specific phobic concerns.
DEP1	Lack of Drive	73	Measures low energy, reduced motivation, and difficulty becoming interested or involved in activities. Higher scores suggest greater lack of drive.Interpretive emphasis: This emphasizes the motivational and energy-related aspects of depression.
DEP2	Dysphoria	90	Measures sadness, unhappiness, and emotional discomfort. Higher scores suggest greater dysphoria or depressed mood.Interpretive emphasis: This emphasizes the emotional component of depressive distress.
DEP3	Self-Depreciation	69	Measures self-criticism, feelings of inadequacy, and a negative view of oneself. Higher scores suggest greater self-depreciation.Interpretive emphasis: This emphasizes negative self-evaluation within the broader Depression scale.
DEP4	Suicidal Ideation	45	Measures thoughts about death, dying, or suicide. Higher scores indicate greater endorsement of suicidal thinking.Interpretive emphasis: Any meaningful elevation warrants direct clinical follow-up; the score alone does not establish current intent or level of risk.
HEA1	Gastrointestinal Symptoms	96	Measures gastrointestinal complaints such as stomach, digestive, or bowel symptoms. Higher scores suggest more prominent gastrointestinal concerns.Interpretive emphasis: The scale describes reported symptoms and does not determine their medical or psychological cause.
HEA2	Neurological Symtoms	87	Measures neurological-type complaints such as dizziness, weakness, numbness, faintness, or unusual bodily sensations. Higher scores suggest more prominent neurological symptoms.Interpretive emphasis: The scale does not determine whether symptoms have a neurological, medical, or psychological cause.
HEA3	General Health Concerns	81	Measures general concern about health, illness, and physical functioning. Higher scores suggest greater overall attention to health problems.Interpretive emphasis: High scores indicate reported health concern, not the cause or medical validity of symptoms.
BIZ1	Psychotic Symptomatology	64	Measures more overt psychotic-like thoughts or perceptions, including highly unusual beliefs or perceptual experiences. Higher scores suggest greater endorsement of these experiences.Interpretive emphasis: An elevated score requires clinical assessment and does not by itself establish psychosis.
BIZ2	Schizotypal Characteristics	60	Measures unusual beliefs, perceptions, and patterns of thinking that may appear odd or unconventional. Higher scores suggest greater schizotypal-style characteristics.Interpretive emphasis: Elevation alone does not establish Schizotypal Personality Disorder or another psychotic-spectrum condition.
ANG1	Explosive Behavior	52	Measures difficulty controlling anger and a tendency toward angry or aggressive outbursts. Higher scores suggest greater explosive behavior.Interpretive emphasis: High scores reflect problems managing anger and do not by themselves indicate dangerousness.
ANG2	Irritability	67	Measures irritability, impatience, frustration, and a tendency to become annoyed easily. Higher scores suggest greater irritability.Interpretive emphasis: This reflects the emotional experience of anger more than overt aggressive behavior.
CYN1	Misanthropic Beliefs	60	Measures the belief that people are generally selfish, dishonest, or untrustworthy. Higher scores suggest a more negative view of human motives.Interpretive emphasis: This reflects broad cynical beliefs rather than persecutory thinking.
CYN2	Interpersonal Suspiciousness	53	Measures suspicion about the motives and intentions of people in personal relationships. Higher scores suggest greater interpersonal mistrust.Interpretive emphasis: High scores reflect suspiciousness and do not necessarily indicate paranoia.
ASP1	Antisocial Attitudes	43	Measures attitudes that are accepting of rule-breaking and skeptical of conventional social standards. Higher scores suggest greater endorsement of antisocial attitudes.Interpretive emphasis: Attitudes toward rules are different from actually engaging in antisocial behavior.
ASP2	Antisocial Behavior	59	Measures acknowledgment of rule-breaking or antisocial behavior. Higher scores suggest a greater history of behavior that conflicts with social or legal expectations.Interpretive emphasis: An elevated score alone does not establish Antisocial Personality Disorder.
TPA1	Impatience	63	Measures impatience, time urgency, frustration with delays, and difficulty slowing down. Higher scores suggest greater impatience.Interpretive emphasis: This reflects a behavioral style rather than a psychiatric disorder.
TPA2	Competitive Drive	50	Measures competitiveness, achievement striving, and a strong desire to succeed or outperform others. Higher scores suggest greater competitive drive.Interpretive emphasis: High scores can reflect motivation as well as interpersonal competitiveness.
LSE1	Self-Doubt	85	Measures uncertainty about one's abilities, worth, and decisions. Higher scores suggest greater self-doubt and low confidence.Interpretive emphasis: This reflects negative self-evaluation rather than a specific disorder.
LSE2	Submissiveness	55	Measures difficulty asserting oneself and a tendency to give in or defer to others. Higher scores suggest greater submissiveness.Interpretive emphasis: This primarily reflects interpersonal assertiveness and self-confidence.
SOD1	Introversion	76	Measures preference for solitude and limited social involvement. Higher scores suggest greater introversion and less desire for social interaction.Interpretive emphasis: Introversion by itself is not a psychological disorder.
SOD2	Shyness	68	Measures shyness, social inhibition, and discomfort interacting with others. Higher scores suggest greater social uneasiness.Interpretive emphasis: This reflects shyness and does not by itself establish social anxiety disorder.
FAM1	Family Discord	55	Measures conflict, anger, tension, and poor relationships within the family. Higher scores suggest greater perceived family discord.Interpretive emphasis: This reflects the person's reported experience of family conflict.
FAM2	Familial Alienation	84	Measures emotional distance, lack of support, and feeling disconnected from family members. Higher scores suggest greater familial alienation.Interpretive emphasis: This emphasizes emotional disconnection rather than conflict alone.
TRT1	Low Motivation	71	Measures pessimism about improvement, low motivation for change, and doubts that treatment will help. Higher scores suggest greater treatment discouragement.Interpretive emphasis: A high score identifies possible engagement barriers and does not mean treatment will fail.
TRT2	Inability to Disclose	52	Measures difficulty or reluctance discussing personal problems, feelings, or concerns with others. Higher scores suggest greater difficulty with disclosure.Interpretive emphasis: This may affect treatment engagement but does not mean the person is unwilling or unable to benefit from treatment.

This report is a summary of an assessment completed on cognitivemetrics.com.